Umkhiqizi wamakhemikhali ezimboni ukucubungula amaminerali kanye nokwelashwa kwamanzi

30,000 t/ngonyaka ulayini we-GF flotation reagent · 20,000 m3 isitoreji sethangi

QINGQUAN

Imithombo Yekhabhoni Ehlanganisiwe Yokuhlukaniswa Kwamanzi Angcolile: Umthamo, I-Kinetics Nokulawula

2026-10-14 13:40:43

Umthombo wekhabhoni wangaphandle uwusizo ekukhishweni kwamanzi angcolile lapho indawo ye-anoxic ingenayo ikhabhoni eyanele ebola kalula ukuze kuncishiswe umthwalo we-nitrate ne-nitrite ngezinga elidingekayo. Umthamo olungile awukwazi ukusethwa kusuka kunani elivamile le-L/m³: kuya ngomthamo we-nitrogen, ikhabhoni yangaphakathi etholakalayo, umnikelo we-COD womkhiqizo wentengiso, ukucushwa kwenqubo, izinga lokushisa, isimo se-biomass kanye nethagethi yokungcola.

I-QINGQUAN ihlinzeka a Umthombo Wekhabhoni Ehlanganisiwe ukuze kukhishwe amanzi angcolile. Ikhasi layo lomkhiqizo lichaza ukwakheka kwezingxenye eziningi okusekelwe kuma-enzyme ebhayoloji, ama-alcohol/ama-asidi ama-short-chain, abagqugquzeli be-microbial kanye nezakhamzimba ezincane, ezinoketshezi olukhanyayo oluphuzi noma olungenambala olusobala. Lawo maqiniso ahlonza isiqondiso somkhiqizo, kodwa ukugxiliswa kwe-COD okuqondene nomkhiqizo othile, ububanzi bomthamo kanye nokusabela kwezitshalo kufanele kuqinisekiswe emibhalweni yezobuchwepheshe efanele kanye nokuhlolwa kwesayithi.

Ngabe Inqubo Ye-Denitrification Idinga Nini Ikhabhoni Yangaphandle?

I-Denitrifying microorganisms idinga umnikeli we-electron osebenzisekayo ukunciphisa i-nitrate ne-nitrite ibe igesi ye-nitrogen. Ezinhlelweni eziningi zokususwa kwezakhi zebhayoloji, enye yaleyo carbon iphuma emanzini angcolile ngokwawo. Inani lisatholakala endaweni ye-anoxic, nokho, lincike ekutheni indawo ikuphi nokuthi ingakanani i-biodegradable organic matter eseyidliwe phezulu nomfula.

Indawo engaphambi kwe-anoxic ingathola amanzi angcolile anengxenye enengqondo ye-COD ebola kalula, kuyilapho indawo ye-post-anoxic noma isihlungi se-denitrifying ngokuvamile ithola amanzi ngemva kokuba umthwalo omningi wemvelo usususiwe. Kuleso simo, ikhabhoni eyengeziwe ingase ibe okokufaka okukhawulelayo.

Ngakho-ke izitshalo kufanele zihlole ukukhawulelwa kwekhabhoni kusukela enqubweni yangempela kunokusuka ku-COD enethonya iyodwa. Ingqikithi ye-COD ephezulu endaweni yokungena esitshalweni ayifaki ubufakazi bokuthi i-anoxic biomass engezansi ine-substrate esetshenziswa ngokushesha eyanele.

Isimo sokucubungula Umbuzo wokutholakala kwekhabhoni Okufanele uqinisekise
Ukususwa kwe-nitrogen yebhayoloji yangaphambi kwe-anoxic Ingakanani ikhabhoni enamandla ebola kalula efinyelela endaweni ye-anoxic? Izingxenye ze-COD/BOD ezinamandla, ukugeleza kabusha, umthwalo we-nitrate, i-DO carryover
Indawo ye-post-anoxic Ingabe ukwelashwa okukhuphuka nomfula sekuvele kudle kakhulu ikhabhoni ebolayo? I-Anoxic influent nitrate/nitrite, i-COD esele, ukugeleza nesikhathi sokuxhumana
Isihlungi esichazayo Ingabe i-substrate yangaphandle iyadingeka ukuze kusekelwe izinga eliqondiwe lokususwa kwe-nitrate? Ukulayishwa kwesihlungi, umthwalo we-nitrate, ithagethi yokungcola kanye nomthamo wamanje
Amanzi angcolile embonini aguquguqukayo Ingabe ukutholakala kwekhabhoni kuyashintshashintsha nezimo zokukhiqiza? I-COD yochungechunge lwesikhathi, idatha ye-nitrogen nokugeleza

Yini Okufanele Uyiqhathanise Emthonjeni Wekhabhoni Ohlanganisiwe?

Imikhiqizo emibili enomthamo ofanayo olethiwe kungenzeka inganikezi ikhabhoni efanayo esebenzisekayo ku-biomass. Ukuqhathanisa okuwusizo ngokobuchwepheshe kucabangela ikhabhoni etholakalayo ngempela ukuze kukhishwe i-denitrification, ukuthi amagciwane amancane angayisebenzisa ngokushesha kangakanani, kanye nokuthi umkhiqizo ulethwa ngokungaguquguquki kangakanani ukusuka kuqoqo kuye kwelinye.

Amaphuzu okuqhathanisa abalulekile afaka:

  • ukugxila kwe-COD yomkhiqizo kanye nendlela esetshenziselwa ukuyibika;
  • i-biodegradability kanye ne-denitrification kinetics;
  • isivuno se-biomass kanye nomthelela ongase ube khona wokukhiqiza udaka;
  • i-viscosity, okuqukethwe okuqinile kanye nokuziphatha kokupompa;
  • ukuzinza kwesitoreji kanye nokusingatha izinga lokushisa eliphansi;
  • ukuphepha nokuhambisana kwezinto;
  • ukuvumelana kokwakheka kwe-batch-to-batch.

Imithombo yekhabhoni yezentengiselwano ingafaka inhlanganisela eyodwa efana ne-methanol, i-ethanol noma i-acetate kanye nokwakheka kwezingxenye eziningi zobunikazi. Ukuqhathanisa okulungile akukhona ukuthi "isiphi isithako esingcono kakhulu" ngokuhlukaniswa; imuphi umkhiqizo ohlinzeka ngokusebenza okudingekile kokuphika ngokuphathwa okulawulekayo, umthamo kanye nengcuphe eyinsalela ye-COD ngaphansi kwezimo zesitshalo.

I-QINGQUAN ichaza Umthombo Wawo Wekhabhoni Ehlanganisiwe njengomthombo wekhabhoni we-denitrification onezingxenye eziningi. Ikhasi elishicilelwe alinikezi ukugxiliswa komkhiqizo othize we-COD noma imfuneko yendawo yonke ye-COD:N, ngakho-ke lawo manani kufanele acelwe futhi aqinisekiswe ngaphambi kokuba ukubalwa komthamo kuguqulwe kube isilinganiso sokuphakelayo kwevolumu.

Kufanele Umiswe Kanjani Umthamo Wokuqala Wekhabhoni?

Qala ngomthwalo weNitrojeni

Umthamo kufanele uqale kusukela enanini le-nitrate ne-nitrite okufanele isuswe, hhayi kumthamo wamanzi angcolile kuphela. Ngesikhathi esinikeziwe sokusebenza, isitshalo sidinga ukugeleza, ukugxiliswa kwe-nitrogen kungena endaweni egcwele i-carbon kanye nokugxila kwe-nitrogen okuhlosiwe kuyishiya. Lolo lwazi luchaza umthwalo wokususwa kwe-nitrogen okufanele umthombo wekhabhoni wangaphandle usize ukuwusekela.

Isibalo sidinga futhi ukucabangela ukuthi ingakanani ikhabhoni yangaphakathi ebola kalula esesivele itholakala nokuthi ingabe umoya-mpilo oncibilikisiwe ungena endaweni ye-anoxic idla ingxenye yesidingo somnikeli we-electron. Uma umoya-mpilo obalulekile ungeniswa endaweni, ikhabhoni eyengeziwe ingadliwa ngaphandle kokufaka isandla ngokuqondile ekwehliseni i-nitrate.

Yenza Umthamo Ujwayelekile Ngokwesisekelo se-COD

Ngaphambi kokuqhathanisa imikhiqizo yezohwebo, yenza igalelo labo libe ngokwesisekelo se-COD esingaguquki. Umkhiqizo othengiswa njengevolumu yoketshezi awukwazi ukuqhathaniswa ngokufanelekile nomunye umkhiqizo nge-L/m³ kuphela ngaphandle uma ukugxilisa kwawo kwe-COD kwaziwa. Ngokufanayo, ukuqhathanisa kwe-kg/ngosuku akuphelele uma umkhiqizo owodwa uqukethe ikhabhoni esebenziseka kakhulu ngekhilogremu.

Uhlaka lokubala olusebenzayo yilokhu:

I-COD yangaphandle edingekayo ≈ umthamo we-nitrogen okufanele ususwe × okukhethiwe COD:N isilinganiso somklamo − umnikelo wekhabhoni yangaphakathi osebenzisekayo

Isilinganiso se-COD:N esisetshenziselwa isilinganiso sokuqala kufanele sisuke kusisekelo sokuklama esifanele, ukuhlolwa kwebhentshi noma umlando wezitshalo womthombo wangempela wekhabhoni kanye nenqubo. Akuyona into ehlala njalo. Ikhemikhali yomthombo wekhabhoni, isivuno se-biomass, ukujwayela, izinga lokushisa, iminyaka ye-sludge kanye nokucushwa kwenqubo konke kuthinta isilinganiso sangempela sokusetshenziswa.

Uma okokufaka kwe-COD okudingekayo kulinganiselwe, kungaguqulelwa kusisindo somkhiqizo noma ivolumu kuphela ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukugxiliswa kwangempela kwe-COD yomkhiqizo kanye nokuminyana noma enye idatha yomthamo efanelekile.

Okokufaka Kungani kubalulekile
Ukugeleza kanye NO3-N / CHA2-N umthwalo Ichaza umsebenzi wokususwa kwe-nitrogen
I-COD ekwazi ukubola yangaphakathi kalula Yehlisa imfuneko yekhabhoni yangaphandle uma empeleni itholakala endaweni ye-anoxic
YENZA ukungena endaweni ye-anoxic Ingadla i-electron donor ngaphandle kokukhipha i-nitrate
Ukugxila kwe-COD yomkhiqizo Iguqula isidingo se-COD sibe umthamo wokuthengisa
Izinga lokushisa kanye ne-SRT Ithinta i-biological kinetics nokuzivumelanisa nezimo

Izinga lokushisa kanye ne-Biomass Zishintsha Kanjani Isidingo Sekhabhoni?

I-Denitrification ingokwemvelo, ngakho umthamo wamakhemikhali ofanayo awuqinisekisi izinga elifanayo lokususwa kwe-nitrate unyaka wonke. Izinga lokushisa lithinta amazinga okusabela kwe-microbial. Isikhathi sokugcinwa kwe-solids, i-biofilm noma ukumiswa kokukhula okumisiwe, kanye nenani labantu eselivele lijwayele i-substrate ethile nakho kungashintsha indlela umthombo wekhabhoni osetshenziswa ngayo ngokushesha.

Ngakho-ke ukushintsha kungazelelwe kusuka komunye umthombo wekhabhoni kuya komunye kungase kuveze impendulo yesikhashana ehlukile ekusebenzeni kwesimo esingaguquki. Uma uqhathanisa imithombo yekhabhoni, opharetha kufanele barekhode isikhathi sokujwayela futhi bagweme ukuphatha amahora ambalwa okuqala noma izinsuku njengokumelela ngokugcwele uma i-biomass isavumelana nezimo.

Izinguquko ekulayishweni kwe-hydraulic noma i-nitrogen zingadala inkinga yokuhumusha efanayo. Uma umthamo we-nitrate ukhuphuka ngesikhathi esifanayo lapho kwethulwa khona umthombo omusha wekhabhoni, ukugcwala kwamanzi angcolile okungashintshiwe akusho ukuthi umkhiqizo omusha une-kinetics efanayo. I-carbon input kanye nomthwalo wokususwa kwe-nitrogen kufanele kuhlolwe ndawonye.

Ama-Opharetha Angayithola Kanjani I-Underdosing kanye Ne-Carbon Overfeed?

Ukulawula okuhle kubheka izinhlangothi zombili ze-denitrification reaction: i-nitrogen okufanele isuswe kanye ne-carbon eyinsalela engase ishiye inqubo. Umthamo ophansi ungashiya i-nitrate noma i-nitrite ngaphezu kokuhlosiwe. Umthamo oweqile ungashiya i-COD eyinsalela futhi udale isidingo se-oxygen ezansi nomfula noma ukuphumelela kwekhabhoni.

Isimo esibhekiwe Izimbangela ezingase ziphenywe Amasheke kuqala
CHA3-N ihlala iphakeme Ikhabhoni esebenzisekayo enganele, i-DO carryover ephezulu, isikhathi sokuxhumana esinganele, izinga lokushisa eliphansi noma i-biomass esebenzayo enganele Umthamo, isisekelo se-COD, DO, izinga lokushisa, ukugeleza nesikhathi sokuhlala esine-anoxic
CHA3-N ihlangabezana nokuhlosiwe kodwa i-COD engcolile iyenyuka I-carbon overfeed, ukugxiliswa komkhiqizo okushintshile, umthamo ophansi we-nitrogen noma ukulawulwa kabi kokuphakelayo Ukugxiliswa komkhiqizo, ukulinganiswa kwephampu, umthwalo we-nitrogen kanye nengqondo yomthamo
CHA2-N iqoqa I-denitrification engaphelele, ukungalingani kwe-kinetic noma ukushintsha izimo zenqubo Umthamo wekhabhoni, i-DO, i-pH, izinga lokushisa kanye nesimo se-biomass
Ukusebenza kuyashintshashintsha ngemva koshintsho lwenqwaba Ukwakheka, ukugxila kwe-COD, i-viscosity noma ukuhlukahluka kwesistimu yesiphakeli Idatha ye-COA/TDS, ukuphuma kwephampu yedosing kanye nokuqhathaniswa kwenqwaba

Lokhu kubuka kuyizikhombisi-ndlela zokuxilonga, hhayi amakhodi ephutha elilodwa kuya kwelinye. Umphumela we-nitrate ephezulu akufanele ulashwe ngokuzenzakalelayo ngekhabhoni eningi ngaphambi kokuba kungene umoya-mpilo, isikhathi sokuthintana nesimo se-biomass kuhlolwe. Ngokufanayo, i-COD ephezulu akumele kubalulwe ukuphakelwa ngokweqile komthombo wekhabhoni ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa abanye abanikeli be-COD.

Kungani Ukungaguquguquki Komkhiqizo Kubalulekile Ekukhetheni Umthombo We-Carbon?

Kusistimu ye-denitrification enedosi eqhubekayo, umthombo wekhabhoni yezentengiso uyingxenye yeluphu yokulawula inqubo. Ukuhlukahluka komkhiqizo ngakho-ke kungabonakala njengokuhlukahluka ekusebenzeni kwesitshalo ngisho nalapho indawo yephampu ingashintshile.

Amapharamitha ekhwalithi awusizo ancike emkhiqizweni, kodwa isitshalo kufanele siqonde ukuthi yiziphi izici ezilawula i-COD yangempela elethiwe nokuthi ingabe i-viscosity, into emisiwe noma ukuqina kwesigaba kungathinta okokusebenza kokudosa. Uma umkhiqizo ujiya kakhulu endaweni ebandayo noma uqukethe izinto eziqinile ezimisiwe eziguquguqukayo, ukulungiselelwa kwephampu okuzisholo kungase kungasakwazi ukumela ukudla okufanayo kwamakhemikhali.

Isici somkhiqizo Umthelela ongaba khona wokusebenza
Ukuhluka kokugxilisa kwe-COD Ishintsha i-COD empeleni ilethwa ngethamo levolumu engashintshi
I-Viscosity Ingashintsha ukulinganisa kwephampu nokuziphatha kokudlulisa
Izinto ezimisiwe Kungase kuthinte izihlungi, amashubhu noma amathuluzi okuphakelayo
Ukuzinza kwesigaba Kungathinta ukungaguquguquki komthamo uma umkhiqizo uhlukana ngesikhathi sokugcina
Ukuziphatha kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi Kungase kuthinte isitoreji, ukudluliswa kanye namamitha

Imikhawulo yomkhiqizo osemthethweni kufanele ivele ku-TDS ne-COA efanele kunokuba ivele ekuqageleni komthombo wekhabhoni ejwayelekile. Ikhasi lomkhiqizo we-QINGQUAN limema izitshalo ukuthi zinikeze izinga lamanzi kanye nedatha yokucubungula ukuze imibhalo eqondene nomkhiqizo othile kanye nesiqondiso sohlelo lokusebenza kuhambisane nephrojekthi.

Isitshalo Kufanele Siqhathanise Kanjani Umthombo Wekhabhoni Ehlanganisiwe Ne-Sodium Acetate?

Isitshalo esivele sisebenzisa i-sodium acetate kufanele siqhathanise umthombo wekhabhoni oyinhlanganisela ngenqubo efanayo kanye nesisekelo sokusebenza. Umbuzo ofanelekile awukona ukuthi umkhiqizo owodwa unomthamo ophansi we-L/m³. Umbuzo ofanelekile ukuthi ingakanani i-COD esebenzisekayo elethwayo, ukuthi i-biomass iphendula kanjani, yimuphi umphumela wokususwa kwe-nitrogen ofinyelelwayo, iyiphi i-COD eyinsalela esele, nokuthi ithini ukuphathwa nezindleko.

I-QINGQUAN iphinde inikeze a Isixazululo se-Sodium Acetate okwengeza i-carbon yamanzi angcolile. Ngakho-ke ukuqhathanisa okulawulwayo kungahlelwa ngokulandelayo:

  • amanzi angcolile afanayo noma isikhathi sokusebenza esifanayo;
  • umgomo ofanayo wokususwa kwe-nitrogen;
  • okokufaka kwe-COD okujwayelekile;
  • CHA3-N kanye NO2-N impendulo;
  • i-COD engcolile;
  • impendulo ye-sludge noma i-biofilm lapho kufanele khona;
  • izimfuneko zokupompa, ukugcinwa kanye nokuphatha;
  • izindleko ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-nitrogen esusiwe kunentengo yomkhiqizo iyodwa.

Awukho umthombo wekhabhoni okufanele kushiwo ukuthi uphakeme kakhulu ngaphandle kwalesi sisekelo esivamile. Izitshalo nazo zingabuyekeza i-QINGQUAN ebanzi amakhemikhali okwelapha amanzi ububanzi lapho inkinga yokusebenza ihilela okungaphezu kokushoda kwekhabhoni.

Iyiphi Idatha Okufanele Ithunyelwe Ngaphambi Kwesivivinyo Somthombo Wekhabhoni?

Izivivinyo zomthombo wekhabhoni ziwusizo kakhulu lapho umphakeli ebona umsebenzi wangempela wokukhipha i-nitrogen nezimo zokusebenza ngaphambi kokuba kuphakanyiswe umthamo. Isitshalo kufanele silungiswe, lapho sitholakala khona:

  • ukugeleza okumaphakathi nokuphakeme;
  • CHA3-N kanye NO2-N ukungena nokushiya indawo ephakelwa i-carbon;
  • I-COD/BOD kanye nolwazi olutholakalayo kumafrakshini angaboli;
  • NH4-N kanye nengqikithi ye-nitrogen ehlosiwe;
  • ukucushwa kwenqubo kanye nephoyinti lomthamo;
  • izinga lokushisa, i-pH, i-DO kanye ne-SRT noma ulwazi olufanele lwe-biomass;
  • umthombo wamanje we-carbon, ukugxila kanye nomthamo;
  • inkinga yamanje yokusebenza, kuhlanganise ne-nitrate esele, i-nitrite noma i-COD;
  • amadokhumenti omkhiqizo adingekayo kanye nezingqinamba zokupakisha.

I-QINGQUAN icela abasebenzisi boMthombo wayo Ohlanganisiwe Wekhabhoni ukuthi banikeze umbiko wekhwalithi yamanzi, uhlobo lwesistimu, amakhemikhali amanje, umthamo, inkinga yokusebenza nomphumela oqondiwe. Uma ulungiselela ibhentshi noma ukuqhathanisa izitshalo, ungakwazi yabelana ngezimo zakho zamanzi angcolile ne-QINGQUAN futhi ucele i-TDS yomkhiqizo othize, i-MSDS, i-COA kanye nolwazi lwekhotheshini.

Ukuze kukhishwe amanzi angcolile, umthamo wekhabhoni ozinzile awufinyelelwa ngokukhetha umthamo owodwa wendawo yonke. Ivela ekufaniseni umthamo we-nitrogen, i-COD esebenzisekayo, i-microbial kinetics kanye nokuvumelana komkhiqizo nenqubo yangempela, bese ulawula okuphakelayo ngakho kokubili i-nitrogen nemiphumela ye-carbon eyinsalela.